Resources for Regulators

Participant Outcomes in Residential Pay As You Save® Programs

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | 2024 publication record

Independent analysis of participant demographics, weather-normalized energy changes, tariff coverage, savings variability, and opportunities to improve program reach.

Review of Recommendations to Protect Low-Income Customers Under PAYS®

Southern Environmental Law Center | 2021

Analysis of how PAYS® requirements address recommendations involving savings, disclosures, equipment performance, payment obligations, and access to zero-cost programs.

Model Tariffs for Utility Types

Energy Efficiency Institute | Resource collection

Model tariff structures for investor-owned, municipal, and cooperative utilities considering PAYS® and site-specific cost recovery.

Inclusive Utility Investment Resource Center

ENERGY STAR / U.S. EPA | Updated 2024

Detailed guidance on the three core IUI tenets, feasibility, positive cash flow, site-specific savings, suitable measures, capital, stakeholder engagement, and consumer protections.

On-Bill Energy Efficiency Toolkit

ACEEE | 2017

Background resource comparing on-bill financing, repayment, and tariffed approaches and placing them within broader energy-efficiency policy.

Utility Tariff On-Bill Financing: Provisions and Precautions for Equitable Programs

National Regulatory Research Institute | 2020

Regulator-focused examination of tariff design, eligible measures, utility incentives, participating and nonparticipating customers, vendor standards, dispute resolution, and consumer safeguards.

Inclusive Utility Investments: Tariffed On-Bill Programs

U.S. EPA | Current web resource

Neutral government overview of IUI characteristics, responsible parties, community access, funding, oversight, and program-development steps.